Early Strength Agent (Calcium Formate, Sodium Sulfate, etc.)

Organic

The most commonly used organic early strength agents are triethanolamine and calcium oxalate. Triethanolamine is a surfactant that is mixed into cement concrete and acts as a catalyst in the cement hydration process. It can accelerate the hydration of C3A and the formation of ettringite. Triethanolamine is often used in combination with chloride salt early strength agent, boosting its effect. Other common organic early strength agents include calcium formate, acetic acid and acetate. In addition, triisopropanolamine shows moderate early strength performance in application, and has been shown to simultaneously improve later strength of concrete.

Composite

Compounding of various early strength agent components and water reducer components lead to better modification effects as compared to using a single material. By largely raising the concrete's early rate of development, it is possible to: improve concrete early strength without compromising later strength development; introduce water reducing effects and in the meanwhile accelerate early strength development, all while avoiding agents corroding steel structures within the cement.